What this page actually costs the planet

energy_kWh = GB × (0.055 + 0.059 + 0.080)
             ↑ data-centre + network + device
CO₂e_g     = energy_kWh × 494 gCO₂e/kWh
O₂_g       = CO₂_g × (31.998 / 44.009)   = × 0.727
             ↑ C + O₂ → CO₂, molar masses
water_L    = energy_kWh × (1.8 + 4.5)
             ↑ direct cooling + indirect (generation)

Operational intensity is 0.194 kWh/GB under the Sustainable Web Design Model v4; 494 gCO₂e/kWh is the global average grid. A site on verified renewable hosting subtracts a 0.243 green factor - we do not apply it, because we have not verified our host, and claiming it unverified is precisely the behaviour this site audits.

• · Not carbon neutral. Nothing here is offset. This is a measurement, not a purchase.
• · Oxygen is an upper bound, not a measurement. It is stoichiometry: burning carbon to CO₂ consumes O₂ at 31.998/44.009 by mass. That holds for the combustion share of the grid. Nuclear and renewables carry lifecycle CO₂e without burning anything, so the true O₂ figure is lower by whatever fraction of your grid is non-combustion. We show the ceiling and name the reason rather than quietly scaling it.
• · Embodied emissions excluded. SWDM v4 puts total intensity near 0.30 kWh/GB once device manufacturing is included. We report the 0.194 operational figure and name the gap rather than blur it.
• · Your device, your grid. 494 g/kWh is a global mean. On a coal grid your real figure is higher; on hydro, lower.

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